英语的被动语态是通过使用“be动词 + 过去分词”的结构来表达的。被动语态通常用于强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。下面是一些基本的被动语态结构:
1. **一般现在时**:
- 被动语态:is/am/are + 过去分词
- 例句:The letter is written by him.(信是他写的。)
2. **一般过去时**:
- 被动语态:was/were + 过去分词
- 例句:The book was read by the student.(这本书被学生读过。)
3. **一般将来时**:
- 被动语态:will be + 过去分词
- 例句:The work will be finished by tomorrow.(工作将在明天完成。)
4. **现在进行时**:
- 被动语态:is/am/are being + 过去分词
- 例句:The report is being written by the team.(报告正在由团队撰写。)
5. **过去进行时**:
- 被动语态:was/were being + 过去分词
- 例句:The house was being built when I arrived.(当我到达时,房子正在建造中。)
6. **现在完成时**:
- 被动语态:has/have been + 过去分词
- 例句:The project has been completed successfully.(项目已经成功完成。)
7. **过去完成时**:
- 被动语态:had been + 过去分词
- 例句:The report had been finished before the deadline.(报告在截止日期前已经完成。)
8. **将来完成时**:
- 被动语态:will have been + 过去分词
- 例句:The task will have been done by the end of the week.(任务将在周末前完成。)
记住,被动语态通常用于正式场合,而在日常对话中,人们更倾向于使用主动语态。被动语态的构成可以根据时态和语态的不同而变化,但基本结构是“be动词 + 过去分词”。